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Emerging Diseases

Apart from basal stem rot disease, oil palm is also affected by other diseases. These diseases were currently considered as minor and emerging diseases in oil palm cultivation in Malaysia such as bunch rot, wet stem rot, leaf spot disease and orange spotting.

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Field Diseases

Charcoal Rot

Biology and Symptom

The disease incidence is low and no economic significance. As with several other disease affecting the roots and stem base, aerial symptoms provide the first visible symptoms of infections. Symptoms are initially seen on the oldest fronds which become a yellowish colored and die. The stem base is affected by a black, dry rot which is extremely hard and extends as a band of necrotic tissues across the entire base. This type of rot clearly distinguished charcoal base rot from lesion associated with Ganoderma attack.

Rotting of basal and root of palm like burned charcoal

Causal

It was suggested that, the pathogen was Ustulina deusta, originally known as U. zonata. This fungus was found as a pathogen of many plants including other plant crops such as rubber, coconut and tea, as well as saprophyte on dead stumps of forest tree.  Infection is believed to take place by root contact with old stump which has been colonized by Ustulina, where the original sources of the fungus spread as air-borne spores. It is not known whether the disease spread from disease to healthy palms.


Disease Management and Control

By the time the foliar symptoms are visible, the internally structure already severe that treatment is impossible. Sanitation is required to remove the disease palms, otherwise they may become sources of Oryctes infestation or infection foci for Ganoderma outbreak.

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Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi,
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Oil palm is the major commodity crop for Malaysia. It is important to ensure its sustainability by improving yield as well as protecting the crop from pest and diseases.

The implementation of The Malaysian Oil Palm Industry Biosecurity Plan will be our first step in protecting and preventing invasive pests, diseases or weeds from entering our country, thus securing the future of the oil palm industry in Malaysia.

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